TEXSHOP CITE PHYSICS ASTRONOMNY FULL

The authors wish to thank our colleagues from the Statistical Research Center at the American Institute of Physics for assisting with the analyses in this report: Starr Nicholson, Patrick Mulvey, Jack Pold, John Tyler, and Susan White. In addition, women were more likely to make career compromises for family reasons.

Compared to men, women reported that their careers progress more slowly and that they received fewer career resources and opportunities.

For recent physics graduates, there were no gender differences in salary one year after graduation however, men had 10% higher salaries than women 10–15 years after graduating with a physics doctorate.

Gender differences in salary emerge mid-career.

However, the number of Hispanic women earning physics and astronomy degrees is growing rapidly over time, while the number of African-American women has not shown similar growth.

African-American and Hispanic women remain under-represented in physics and astronomy.

TEXSHOP CITE PHYSICS ASTRONOMNY FULL

When comparing the percentage of women employed as professors with past doctorate completions, there were as many women in full professor positions as expected, and more women in assistant and associate positions than expected.

In 2014, women occupied only 10% of full professor positions, but this is due to women earning fewer doctoral degrees in the past.The percentage of faculty members who are women is increasing over time. In 2016, 26% of newly hired physics faculty members and 40% of newly hired astronomy faculty members were women. In 2014, 16% of physics faculty members and 19% of astronomy faculty members were women.In addition, 37% of high school teachers were women, and this percentage has grown over time. In 2013, 46% of high school physics students were young women, and this percentage has remained stable since 2003.There were 13 women’s colleges offering a physics bachelors’ degree program in 2017. In 2017, there were 21 physics departments at four-year institutions that awarded 40% or more of their bachelors’ degrees to women, and 21 physics departments that awarded 30% or more of their doctorates to women.However, the percentage of women enrolling in physics graduate programs and earning a physics doctorate has continued to rise. In recent years (2007–2017), the percentage of women earning a bachelor’s degree in physics and astronomy has not changed over time.In that same year, women earned 33% of astronomy bachelors’ degrees and 40% of astronomy doctorates. In 2017, women earned 21% of physics bachelors’ degrees and 20% of physics doctorates.

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